The Taiyuan campaign was a campaign of the Chinese Civil War fought between the nationalist and communist factions. The campaign was over the control of Taiyuan, the capital of the province of Shanxi, China. The campaign resulted in a communist victory.

The nationalist defeat in the Taiyuan campaign cost the nationalists over 135,000 troops and the most immediate result of the campaign was that the nationalist garrison at Datong totaling more than 10,000 realized that it was all over after witnessing the nationalist defeat in Taiyuan, and surrendered to the communists without a fight. The Communist victory cost them 45,000 troops plus many civilian laborers. In total, the Taiyuan campaign not only completely ended the 38-year-old reign of Yan Xishan, but also effectively ended the entire nationalist rule of Shanxi. In their last act, the Provincial Government with the remaining 500 officials committed mass suicide by cyanide pills, and burned down a prison complex filled with Communist prisoners of war.